Did You Know? – Peru

Peru is a land of ancient civilisations, soaring Andes landscapes and vibrant cultural traditions. Discover surprising facts, hidden stories and unique insights that reveal a deeper side to this remarkable South American nation.

1. Unusual - Quirky National Facts

• Peru is home to the world’s highest sand dune, Cerro Blanco.

• Guinea pig (cuy) is a traditional festive dish in many regions.

• The country has more than 3,000 varieties of potato.

• Lake Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake.

• The mysterious Nazca Lines can only be fully seen from above.


2. Innovations, Inventions & World Firsts

• The Inca developed advanced agricultural terraces still used today.

• Quipu was an early data-recording system based on knotted cords.

• Ancient Peruvians mastered cranial surgery long before Europe.

• The Inca road network spanned thousands of kilometres across the Andes.


3. Laws, Etiquette & Social Norms

• Greetings often involve a friendly handshake or cheek kiss.

• Public displays of affection are modest in traditional towns.

• Bargaining is normal in markets but done respectfully.

• Coca leaves are legal to chew or brew into tea for altitude relief.

• It’s polite to accept offered food or drink so as not to offend the host.


4. Notable Figures & World Icons

• Pachacuti, the Inca emperor, expanded the empire across the Andes.

• Mario Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America’s most celebrated authors.

• Gastón Acurio helped elevate Peruvian cuisine worldwide.

• Yma Sumac, famed for her extraordinary vocal range, was born in Peru.


5. Travel & Geography Facts

• Peru contains a section of the Amazon rainforest rich in biodiversity.

• Machu Picchu sits at nearly 2,500 metres above sea level.

• The Andes run the entire length of the country.

• The Colca Canyon is deeper than the Grand Canyon.

• Peru has one of the world’s most varied climates and ecosystems.


6. People & Lifestyle

• Peru is ethnically diverse, with strong Indigenous, Spanish and Afro-Peruvian heritage.

• Family gatherings often revolve around food and storytelling.

• Traditional crafts such as weaving and pottery remain central to local identity.

• Music and dance vary widely across coastal, Andean and Amazonian regions.


7. Culture & Everyday Life

• Quechua and Aymara languages remain widely spoken.

• Festivities like Inti Raymi celebrate ancient Inca traditions.

• Peruvian cuisine includes ceviche, lomo saltado and anticuchos.

• Colourful textiles are used in clothing, bags and everyday household items.


8. History & Heritage

• The Inca Empire was the largest pre-Columbian civilisation in the Americas.

• Caral, one of the world’s oldest cities, dates back over 4,000 years.

• Spanish colonial influence reshaped architecture and culture.

• Many archaeological sites remain unexplored across the Andes and Amazon.


9. Landmarks & Hidden Wonders

• Machu Picchu is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

• Rainbow Mountain displays naturally occurring mineral stripes.

• The Uros People live on floating reed islands on Lake Titicaca.

• The Amazon River begins in the Peruvian Andes.


10. Quick Fast-Facts Section

• Peru has 3,000+ potato varieties.

• Ceviche is the national dish.

• Quechua is widely spoken.

• The Amazon begins in Peru.

• Machu Picchu is a global icon.

• Lake Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake.

• The Inca road system covered 40,000km.

• Peru has deep canyons like Colca and Cotahuasi.

• The Nazca Lines remain a mystery.

• Terraced farming dates back centuries.

• Alpacas and llamas are native.

• Peru holds vast rainforest biodiversity.