When
travel plans don’t go to plan, knowing what happens next brings
peace of mind. This page explains real-world travel situations most
travellers rarely prepare for — calmly breaking down what to expect
and what to do next.
Being refused boarding is rare, but when it happens it can feel abrupt and confusing. Understanding why airlines make these decisions, what usually triggers them, and what options you have in the moment helps turn a potentially stressful situation into something you can handle calmly and logically.
What usually triggers it Passport validity window not met, missing visa/authorisation, passport damage, name mismatch, insufficient blank pages, wrong document for transit rules, or a rule change the airline is enforcing.
1) Check-in flags a problem
The airline agent checks your passport against entry rules (often via Timatic or a similar system).
If the system shows non-compliance, they can’t check you in.
2) You’re asked questions and documents Expect:
“What’s your final destination?”
“How long are you staying?”
“Do you have a return/onward ticket?”
“Do you have a visa/ETA/ESTA/eTA?”
“Can you show proof of onward travel / accommodation?” (some routes ask)
3) Supervisor confirmation
If there’s any doubt, a supervisor is called.
The airline will follow the system guidance. If it says “DENY”, they deny.
4) Boarding is refused
You won’t be allowed past the point of departure for that flight.
If you’re already airside, you may be taken back out with staff.
1) Ask for the exact reason in plain terms Say: “Can you tell me the exact reason I’m not permitted to travel today, and what rule you’re applying?”
Write it down (or ask them to write it down).
If they cite passport validity, ask: “What validity is required for this destination and transit?”
2) Check for a fix that can happen today
Name mismatch (ticket vs passport): sometimes fixable by airline if minor; often not if significant.
Missing visa/authorisation: sometimes fixable if it’s an online authorisation you can apply for immediately (country-dependent).
Passport damage / insufficient validity: rarely fixable same day.
3) Ask about rebooking options
“If I resolve this, can you rebook me, and what fees apply?”
Ask if they can put a note on your booking that documents were the issue (helps later).
4) Contact your travel insurer immediately (if you have it)
Ask whether your policy covers missed departure / curtailment / rebooking in this scenario.
Take names, time stamps, and note any reference numbers.
Photos/screenshots of:
passport photo page + expiry date
booking confirmation
any visa/authorisation status page
the airline’s written reason (if provided)
Receipts for rebooking, transport home, accommodation.
Confirm passport expiry meets destination + transit rules (not just the country you think you’re going to).
Check blank pages and physical condition.
Confirm visa/ETA requirements using official guidance for your nationality - UK: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice and https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa
Ensure ticket name matches passport exactly (including middle names if your airline requires them).
Needing medical care while abroad can feel daunting, especially when healthcare systems work differently from home. Knowing how treatment is accessed, what documents are required, and how insurance and healthcare cards fit together removes uncertainty and helps you focus on getting better rather than worrying about logistics.
1) Decide whether it’s urgent
Emergency symptoms (severe chest pain, breathing difficulty, severe bleeding, sudden weakness, loss of consciousness): call local emergency number immediately.
Non-emergency (fever, infection, sprain, stomach illness): go to a clinic/doctor or ask your accommodation for a reputable provider.
2) If you have travel insurance: call the 24/7 assistance line early Do this before you agree to expensive private treatment where possible (unless it’s urgent). Say:
where you are
what symptoms you have
whether you can travel to a clinic
whether you have a GHIC/EHIC They can direct you to appropriate facilities and confirm what’s covered.
3) If you have a GHIC/EHIC (where applicable) :- Global Health Insurance Card/European Health Insurance Card
Ask: “Is this a public/state facility and can my GHIC/EHIC be used here?”
If it’s private, GHIC/EHIC usually won’t apply.
1) Registration and identification
They’ll ask for ID (passport or copy), address (hotel), and sometimes payment method.
2) Payment expectations
You may be asked to pay upfront, pay a co-payment, or sign a financial guarantee.
If insured, your insurer may issue a “guarantee of payment” to the hospital.
3) Treatment and documentation
Ask for: diagnosis, treatment plan, prescriptions, and a medical report (even brief).
Ask for itemised receipts.
1) Keep every document
doctor’s report / discharge note
prescription slips
receipts (itemised if possible)
2) Notify insurer again if ongoing care is needed
More medication, follow-up visits, scans, or hospitalisation: call insurer so they can pre-authorise where required.
3) If you’re too ill to fly
Request a “fit to fly/not fit to fly” note.
Notify airline and insurer immediately.
Insurers often need medical proof to support changes.
Going straight to a high-cost private provider without contacting insurer (when non-urgent).
Not collecting itemised receipts.
Assuming GHIC/EHIC replaces insurance.
Losing your passport can feel like a trip-ending disaster, but there is a clear process designed to help you get home. Knowing who to contact, what documents are needed, and how emergency travel documents work allows you to move forward with confidence instead of panic.
1) Retrace and secure
Check accommodation safe, bags, pockets, room, taxis.
If theft suspected, stop and start the formal process.
2) Report to local police
Ask for a written report (or report number).
This is often required for an Emergency Travel Document and insurance.
3) Protect your identity
If you also lost cards, contact your bank(s) to freeze them.
Change passwords if your phone was stolen too.
1) Find the nearest British Embassy/Consulate
Use official guidance: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice
Look for “Entry requirements” and “Local contacts” sections.
2) Emergency Travel Document (ETD) route
You’ll be guided through what to submit: proof of identity, travel plans, police report, photos.
ETDs are typically for returning home (and sometimes limited onward travel), not “a new passport”.
Have ready:
photo or scan of your passport (best)
another ID (driving licence) if you have it
flight booking / proof of travel
address abroad (hotel)
police report details
passport photos (some places need printed photos)
1) Contact airline
Ask what they require for travel with an ETD and whether the booking can be moved.
Get this in writing if possible.
2) Contact insurer
Ask if policy covers additional accommodation, replacement travel, or admin costs.
Keep receipts for any forced extra nights.
You attend an appointment (or follow the instructed process).
You receive ETD guidance; timelines vary.
You travel using the ETD, then replace passport properly back in the UK.
Most travel problems become far easier to solve when you can access your documents quickly. Understanding what to copy, where to store it, and how backups are used in real situations can save time, reduce stress, and speed up assistance when you need it most.
1) Create a “Travel Docs” folder Include:
passport photo page
travel insurance certificate + emergency numbers
visas/ETAs/authorisations
flight and accommodation confirmations
driving licence (if hiring cars)
vaccination certificates if relevant
bank emergency numbers
2) Store it in 3 places
Phone (offline accessible)
Secure cloud storage (requires login)
Email to yourself (searchable backup)
If passport lost
Copies speed up embassy/ETD process dramatically.
If you need medical care
Insurance certificate + assistance number avoids delays and out-of-pocket costs.
If airline dispute occurs
Booking confirmations + timestamps help resolve quickly.
Don’t store sensitive documents in an unprotected notes app with no phone lock.
Don’t rely on one method only (phone-only is risky if phone is stolen).
Flight disruptions are frustrating but surprisingly structured. Knowing what airlines are responsible for, what support you can expect, and how to respond quickly gives you the best chance of securing rebooking, accommodation, or reimbursement without unnecessary stress.
1) Confirm the type of disruption
Is it delayed, cancelled, or “re-timed”?
Take a screenshot of departure boards and the airline notification.
2) Check if you’re on one ticket or separate tickets
One booking reference for the whole journey = simpler airline responsibility.
Separate tickets = you may be responsible for knock-on costs.
3) Get in the airline’s rebooking queue immediately Do all three:
app rebooking
customer service queue
phone/chat if available Rebooking inventory disappears fast.
If cancelled
Rebook to earliest available route or refund (rules vary by ticket type and route; airline will present options).
Sometimes accommodation/meals depending on circumstances and length of delay.
If long delay
Airport assistance may apply (food/drink vouchers, etc.).
Accommodation may apply if overnight is required and responsibility sits with airline.
1) Ask clear questions
“What are my rebooking options today and tomorrow?”
“Can you route me via another airport?”
“Will you provide accommodation if it becomes overnight?”
2) Keep evidence
screenshots of delays/cancellations
all receipts for necessary expenses (meals, transport, hotel)
3) Contact insurer if you’re paying out-of-pocket
Some policies reimburse delays and missed connections; ask before spending if possible.
Waiting passively. The travellers who get the best outcomes are the ones who secure a seat first, then argue details later.
Standing at a carousel with no bag is a moment many travellers experience at least once. Knowing how baggage tracing works, what airlines usually cover, and when insurance steps in turns a stressful situation into a manageable inconvenience rather than a trip-ruining panic.
1) Don’t leave the airport Go straight to the airline/ground handler baggage desk.
2) File a Property Irregularity Report (PIR)
This creates the official case and tracking reference.
Provide bag description and baggage tag number.
3) Ask what the airline will cover
Many airlines reimburse “reasonable essentials” while you wait (rules vary).
Ask what counts as essential and whether you need pre-approval.
Reasonable essentials
basic toiletries
minimal clothing
necessary chargers/adapters
essential medication replacements (with proof if possible)
Avoid
large shopping sprees
luxury items Insurers/airlines often reject excessive spending.
1) Track the case
Use the reference number to check updates.
2) Keep receipts and a list
Photograph receipts.
Make a simple list of items purchased and why they were necessary.
3) If luggage is delivered
Inspect for damage and report immediately.
The airline will move from “delayed” to “lost” after their internal timeframe.
You’ll be asked to complete an inventory of contents and values.
Your insurer may also require the airline report and proof of loss.
Missing a connecting flight can feel like everything is falling apart, especially when onward plans depend on it. Understanding how airlines handle missed connections, when you’re protected, and what steps to take immediately helps you regain control and keep your journey moving.
Were your flights booked on one ticket or separate tickets?
One ticket (protected connection)
If you miss it due to an earlier delay, the airline typically rebooks you.
Separate tickets (self-connection)
You’re usually responsible for rebooking onward travel.
1) Alert cabin crew (if still on plane)
Ask if they can notify ground staff.
Sometimes they can assist with fast-track connections (not guaranteed).
2) Move fast but smart
Go straight to transfer desk or airline help desk.
Use the airline app to see new options immediately.
1) Get proof of delay
Screenshot or obtain confirmation from airline (helps with rebooking/insurance claims).
2) Rebook immediately
On one ticket: airline should rebook.
On separate tickets: check alternate routes yourself and contact insurer.
3) Accommodation decisions
If stranded overnight, ask airline what they provide (varies).
Keep receipts for necessary costs.
Payment problems abroad can feel instantly alarming, particularly when cash or cards stop working unexpectedly. Knowing how banks respond, how quickly issues are resolved, and why having backup payment options matters helps you stay financially secure and calm.
1) Freeze the card immediately
Use your banking app if possible.
If phone is lost too, call bank via emergency numbers (store them in backups).
2) Check transactions
Report any fraud immediately.
3) Switch to backup payment
Use a spare card, digital wallet, or emergency cash.
1) Contact bank fraud team
Banks may block overseas activity as a protective measure.
Verify your identity and request unblocking.
2) Confirm whether cash withdrawals are affected
Some blocks stop ATM use but allow chip-and-pin (or vice versa).
1) Don’t panic
It happens due to security triggers, expired cards, or machine faults.
2) Contact bank immediately
Ask whether they can recover it (often not).
Arrange replacement.
3) Move to backup funds
Backup card or emergency cash becomes critical here.
Being questioned at the border can be unsettling, even when you’ve done nothing wrong. Understanding why additional questions happen, what officials usually look for, and how to respond clearly and calmly reduces anxiety and prevents situations from escalating unnecessarily.
One-way ticket with no onward travel
vague accommodation plans
very long stays
inconsistent answers
prior overstays
travelling for work-like activities on a tourist entry
1) Secondary questioning
Border officials ask about purpose, length of stay, where you’re staying, funds.
2) Document requests Be ready to show:
return/onward ticket
accommodation booking
sufficient funds (bank app screenshots can help)
travel insurance details
1) Stay calm and consistent
Answer simply and truthfully.
Don’t guess. If unsure, say: “Let me check my booking confirmation.”
2) Provide proof quickly
This is where backups prevent escalation.
Officials follow formal procedures.
You may be placed on the next available flight back.
You may not be allowed to “just book a hotel and try again.”
Contact your insurer and airline immediately if possible; keep all documents issued.
Being involved in an accident overseas can be disorientating, especially when local rules and procedures differ from what you’re used to. Knowing what to do immediately, how to document the situation, and when to involve insurers or authorities helps protect both your safety and your rights.
1) Get to safety
Move away from danger if possible.
Call emergency services if anyone is injured.
2) Document the scene
Photos of vehicles, location, damage, road signs.
Names/contact details of involved parties and witnesses.
3) Police report
In many places, a police report is essential for insurance claims.
1) Contact rental company immediately
They’ll instruct what to do and may require specific steps.
2) Don’t admit liability casually
Stick to facts; let insurers determine fault.
1) Notify travel insurer
They can guide medical care, claims, and repatriation if needed.
2) Keep every receipt and report
Medical notes, police report, rental paperwork.
Being arrested or detained abroad is rare, but knowing your basic rights and what support is available can make a critical difference. Understanding what consular assistance involves, how to communicate your needs, and what steps to take helps you stay composed in an unfamiliar situation.
1) Ask for your consular rights Say clearly: “I want to contact the British Embassy/Consulate.”
2) Ask what you’re being held for
Get the alleged offence stated.
Ask for an interpreter if needed.
3) Do not sign documents you don’t understand
If pressured, repeat: “I need an interpreter and legal advice.”
Provide information on local legal process
Help you contact family/friends
Provide a list of local lawyers
Check on welfare (where permitted)
They cannot:
get you released automatically
pay legal fees or fines
override local law
Your full name as on passport, date of birth
Next-of-kin contact details
Any medical needs you have
Natural events and local disruptions can affect travel plans with little warning. Knowing how airlines, accommodation providers, and insurers usually respond — and what actions to take first — helps you adapt calmly and make informed decisions when circumstances change.
1) Confirm local safety guidance
Follow local authority instructions first (evacuation orders, road closures).
2) Contact accommodation
Ask about shelter arrangements, refunds, changes, and safety updates.
3) Contact airline/travel provider
Check rebooking policies; disruptions often trigger flexible changes.
1) Call insurer early
Ask what’s covered: additional accommodation, alternative travel, curtailment.
Insurers often require you to minimise costs and keep evidence.
2) Keep documentation
screenshots of official alerts
cancellation notices from providers
receipts for necessary costs
Choose practical options (safety and transport access).
Inform family of your location.
Keep a simple log of decisions and costs for claims.
Travel doesn’t go wrong because people travel — it goes wrong when people don’t know what to do next. Knowing the process turns problems into manageable moments.
Disclaimer: This guide is designed to explain common travel situations in a clear, practical way. It reflects typical processes and traveller experiences, but rules, responsibilities, and outcomes can vary by country, airline, insurer, and individual circumstances. Always follow official advice and instructions from airlines, insurers, and local authorities when travelling.